热风再循环机炉耦合高效发电系统变负荷性能仿真及优化

基于热风再循环回收烟气余热的机炉耦合发电（HAR）系统具有高效节能、受热面投资少、运行安全性高等优点。为解决其在全负荷范围安全又高效运行的问题,本文以某600MW烟煤机组为例,利用Ebsilon软件对HAR系统进行变负荷仿真研究。结果表明：烟气余热回收系统的排烟温度随负荷减小而降低,使锅炉空气预热器在低负荷下面临严重低温腐蚀风险;在低负荷下,现有的HAR系统难以通过调节高压、低压省煤器吸热量控制空气预热器冷端金属温度从而控制低温腐蚀;为在全负荷范围保证HAR系统内受热面安全可靠运行,提出了在余热回收系统中增设热量旁通管的HAR优化系统;在50%~100%热耗率验收工况（THA）负荷范围,应用该系统可使实例机组的标煤煤耗降低1.94~3.32g/(kW·h),在全负荷范围保持显著节能效益。为进一步推进该技术付诸应用,文章提出了HAR优化系统的运行控制方法。     

植物纤维增强混凝土研究进展

随着我国“双碳”战略的持续推进,绿色低碳环保的天然纤维在水泥基材料中的应用已成为建筑行业的研究热点,得到了广泛关注。但植物纤维的力学性能差,同时存在老化和粘结力减弱等问题,很难直接应用于混凝土基体。本文综述了植物纤维的微观结构和性能,植物纤维对混凝土力学性能、耐久性和热物理性能等宏观性能的影响,植物纤维增强混凝土凝结时间、界面粘结和内养护的微观演变机制。讨论了植物纤维增强混凝土中基体改性和纤维改性的方法,深入了解不同方法的作用机理,寻求更加有效地改善性能的途径。剑麻纤维和竹纤维对混凝土性能有良好的提升作用,应用最为广泛。最后展望了植物纤维的可持续发展方向,为今后进一步研究植物纤维增强混凝土提出参考建议。     

植物纤维纸蜂窝制备的环境影响评价

利用CML环境影响评价方法,研究并比较了植物纤维纸蜂窝和传统芳纶纸蜂窝制备的环境影响。结果表明,针对所涉及的11个环境影响指标,植物纤维纸蜂窝低于芳纶纸蜂窝0.68 %~49.41 %;权重化结果表明,植物纤维纸蜂窝制备环境影响总体低于芳纶纸蜂窝18.77 %;制备芳纶纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于芳纶纸和电能的消耗;制备植物纤维纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于混杂纸和电能的生产。     

加捻植物纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料的力学特性与疲劳性能

采用多维植筋法制备了软质聚氨酯泡沫/加捻植物纤维（FPUF/TPF）复合材料,研究了植筋方向、TPF毛羽率及植筋体积分数对FPUF/TPF结合界面、力学性能、耐疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,植筋后复合材料的力学性能及耐疲劳性能均有所提升,植筋体积分数在0.35 %~0.7 %之间时,复合材料能在保证轻质的前提下得到较好的性能增强。植筋后力学性能的增强表现为压陷硬度提升,最高可提升89.69 %;压陷比普遍提高,最高达3.56,提升了37.98 %,支撑性能得到提升;横向植筋样品的滞后损失率普遍降低,作为垫材时样品舒适感提升;纵向植筋样品的滞后损失率普遍升高,缓冲性能有所提升。植筋后复合材料耐疲劳性能的增强表现为抗蠕变抗变形能力提升,长时间使用后变形更小;40 %压陷硬度损失率最低为11.01 %,降低了38.59 %,植筋后的循环次数最高可达空白样品（FPUF）的4.1倍;压缩永久变形率较空白样品降低29.63 %。同时对比发现,横向植筋样品的结合界面优于纵向植筋,毛羽较少的TPF与聚氨酯的界面性能较好,过多的毛羽会一定程度上影响泡孔大小和形态。     

发酵性丝孢酵母处理精炼大豆油废水的工艺优化及动力学分析

在5 L搅拌式反应器内利用发酵性丝孢酵母处理精炼大豆油废水,并采用正交试验优化处理条件,通过极差分析得到精炼大豆油废水生物处理的较佳条件：温度28 ℃、转速300 r/min、进气量2 L/min和接种量10%。在该条件下运行36 h后精炼大豆油废水的化学需氧量和含油量的去除率分别为97.31%和89.09%,生物量和油脂分别达到9.27 g/L和51.9%。通过Monod、Tessier和Moser模型研究了发酵性丝孢酵母生物量增长和精炼大豆油废水的污染物降解,发现相比于Monod和Moser模型,Tessier模型更适合研究微生物的增长,并建立了发酵性丝孢酵母生物量增长的动力学方程式,所得到的动力学参数可用于评估含油废水生物处理反应器的设计和运行。     

XANDAR PHARMACEUTICAL: A model plant for process engineering education

This study explores the implementation of a detailed model pharmaceutical production facility in an undergraduate engineering class. Xandar Pharmaceuticals (XP), a fictitious manufacturer, was created and presented to undergraduate engineering students during a current good manufacturing practices (cGMP¹) course in two forms: (1) 3D virtual model and (2) 3D printed model. Data was collected from three separate cohorts over three years with a total of 197 participants. Surveys would gauge student’s sentiments and collect feedback, while quizzes assessed technical understanding. Statistical analysis and effect size calculations would evaluate the differences among the three cohorts. Survey results indicate the 3D printed model has small positive effects on study vs control (groups) regarding understanding of general industry related functions and practices. The 3D printed model also improved students’ interest in critical thinking and investigation. Qualitative feedback and sentiment analysis indicate the model was well received by students and received positive feedback related to visualization, industrial relevance, and student engagement. Use of the 3D printed model (but not the 3D virtual model) has had positive quantitative effects on student quiz scores and feedback. Qualitative improvements to student attitudes and interest are encouraging and suggest further use of 3D printed models in other courses may be beneficial.     

Model-based adaptive sliding mode control of the subcritical boiler-turbine system with uncertainties

As higher requirements are proposed for the load regulation and efficiency enhancement, the control performance of boiler-turbine systems has become much more important. In this paper, a novel robust control approach is proposed to improve the coordinated control performance for subcritical boiler-turbine units. To capture the key features of the boiler-turbine system, a nonlinear control-oriented model is established and validated with the history operation data of a 300 MW unit. To achieve system linearization and decoupling, an adaptive feedback linearization strategy is proposed, which could asymptotically eliminate the linearization error caused by the model uncertainties. Based on the linearized boiler-turbine system, a second-order sliding mode controller is designed with the super-twisting algorithm. Moreover, the closed-loop system is proved robustly stable with respect to uncertainties and disturbances. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, which achieves excellent tracking performance, strong robustness and chattering reduction.     

油橄榄透明皂的制作研究

首先用油棕榈核油、棕榈油、椰子油、蓖麻油和玉米油作油脂原料合成了透明皂的皂基,之后又将当地特色植物油——橄榄油作为添加剂制作出来一种新配方的油橄榄透明皂。文中考察了原料配比、皂化时间、皂化温度、油橄榄的加入量对油橄榄透明皂的影响,确定了制作油橄榄透明皂的最佳实验条件。     

先进节能换热器技术在硫酸工业的应用回顾与展望

介绍了折流板管壳式换热器、空心环管壳式换热器、旋流网板支撑急扩加速流缩放管管壳式换热器及壳程多通道换热器结构、技术特点。回顾20多年来国内硫酸行业气体换热器技术进展,叙述了其技术起源、理念与解决的关键问题。对今后先进节能换热器技术在硫酸工业的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了技术发展方向。     

基于ASP语言与故障树技术的阳极保护故障诊断系统的研发

介绍了网络环境下阳极保护设备故障诊断系统的总体结构及关键技术,并提出采用故障树分析技术和基于ASP语言相结合的故障诊断方法.该故障诊断系统包含数据诊断、故障查询及浏览3个模块,便于用户自主选择模块进行故障诊断、排除.该系统可有效提高阳极保护设备的管理及维护水平,有良好的经济效益.